Menopause, which is defined as the end of the menstrual period, is the period when estrogen hormone secretion decreases and fertility ends as a result of the loss of activity of the ovaries.
Liv Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Specialist Op. Dr. Gamze Baykan said, “Menopause never means old age for a woman. With the necessary treatment and support, you can even enjoy this difficult process. The treatment is decided according to the needs and general health status of the person. Treatments must be under the control of a doctor, ”he says.
How old is menopause?
Menopause, which has an average range of 45-55, can sometimes be seen in earlier or later ages. The period before full cessation of menstruation is called premenopause. There is menstruation during this period as well, but it is a period that passes with long or frequent bleeding. There is a little ovulation function in the ovaries. Therefore, an irregular menstrual period is experienced with the developing estrogen hormone deficiency. This period varies from a few months to a few years.
What are the signs that estrogen levels in the body have decreased?
First of all, irregularities in the menstrual period and changes in the amount of bleeding are remarkable. The most common complaints are restlessness, insomnia, feeling of warmth described as seizures, sweating, and weight gain. Passing with the progression of menopause zamAmong the complaints described are osteoporosis, dryness in the genital area, itching, burning in urine, urinary incontinence, and difficulty in sexual intercourse. Decreased estrogen levels create a state of emotional stress such as a feeling of warmth, sudden sweating, and redness on the face, which makes the person unhappy and unhappy. Reducing the temperature of the environment they live in, dressing according to the situation, and applying estrogen replacement therapy to women who are in the first years of menopause can be relieved.
How does menopause affect bone health?
Estrogen hormone provides positive effects on systems including skin, bone, bladder, uterus, and cardiovascular structures. With its deficiency, there may be a decrease in bone density, thinning, fractures, short stature and low back pain. Statistically, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in women is less than men before menopause. This period increases against women during menopause with the decrease in estrogen level.
Who should receive hormone replacement therapy?
Hormone replacement therapy should be considered if life comfort is impaired due to the mental complaints brought about by the menopause period and if menopause is diagnosed at a relatively early age. Estrogen can be used orally or locally. This treatment reduces problems such as hot flashes, sweating, insomnia, genital dryness, difficulty in urination and sexual intercourse, and osteoporosis. The treatment is decided according to the person. It is not preferred in patients with a history of breast cancer, uterine cancer, severe hypertension, blood clotting problems, thrombosis, and embolism.
Are there non-hormone options for dealing with menopause?
Changing the lifestyle, not smoking, losing weight, exercising, acquiring hobbies, developing family and friendship relations will be very effective in putting the mental distress in the background and alleviating it. There are uses of natural estrogens called phytoestrogens. Among these, isoflavinol, soy, blackcohosh plant extracts are the most commonly known. In addition, the use of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E, collagen, ginseng is also preferred.
What are the potentially dangerous complaints in menopause?
Vaginal bleeding during menopause, ovarian cysts, growing fibroids, palpable breast mass, leg, waist pain, varicose veins should be evaluated. Even if there are no complaints, it is necessary to check once a year. During these controls, pap smear, ultrasonography, breast ultrasound and / or mammography are performed, and the bone densitometry interval is decided according to the person.
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